Introduction:

Note Making is the most important topic from the point of view of exam as well as for the preparation of the exam. Notes help you to remember the topics and quick revision as well.

The Note Making also help you to remember the abstract ideas easily and in an effective way.

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Uses of Note Making:

1. To gather specific information in an effective way

2. Store supplement material taken from various sources

3. Shorten the lengthy material

4. Understand in better way

5. Make notes of speeches and lessons

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Steps to Follow:  

Step :1 

Read the passage carefully and try to understand the general idea

Step : 2

Underline the main points and categorize  it according to the idea

Step : 3

Write/Give suitable title 

Step : 4

Divide it in Heading and Sub-heading

Three to four Main Heading and Sub-heading each. 

Step: 5

Write abbreviation (At least Four)

Step : 6

Write summary. ( Do not exceed the word limit)

 

Format of Note Making

Note Making Format:

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Notes:

Title-

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1. Main Heading

    a) Sub-heading

    b) Sub-heading

    c) Sub-heading

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2. Main Heading

    a) Sub-heading

    b) Sub-heading

    c) Sub-heading

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3. Main Heading

    a) Sub-heading

    b) Sub-heading

    c) Sub-heading

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                         Key to Abbreviation 

                           1.

                           2.

                           3.

                           4.

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Summary 

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Points to Remember:

1. Avoid writing long sentences, use phrases instead 

2.Do not write complex phrase which are difficult to understand

3. Never add details that are not in the passage

4.You may prepare the notes according to paragraph but if the details are not in order it may be arranged accordingly. Put the material in chronological order.

5. Use at least four abbreviations and put it in a box. The abbreviations that are commonly accepted may be used first. Use the words which are repeated again and again as abbreviation. You may underline the abbreviated words in the notes.

6. Write the summary in the given word limit. 

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Example:

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Read the passage given below. (Taken from Class XI NCERT TEXT Book Hornbill Page-96)  

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The Sahara sets a standard for dry land. It’s the world’s largest desert. Relative humidity can drop into the low single digits. There are places where it rains only about once acentury. There are people who reach the end of their lives without ever seeing water come from the sky. Yet beneath the Sahara are vast aquifers of fresh water, enough liquid to fill a small sea. It is fossil water, a treasure laid down in prehistoric times, some of it possibly a million years old. Just 6,000 years ago, the Sahara was a much different place.
It was green. Prehistoric rock art in the Sahara shows something surprising: hippopotamuses, which need
year-round water. “We don’t have much evidence of a tropical paradise out there, but we had something perfectly liveable,” says Jennifer Smith, a geologist at Washington University in St Louis.
The green Sahara was the product of the migration of the paleo-monsoon. In the same way that ice ages come and go, so too do monsoons migrate north and south. The dynamics of earth’s motion are responsible. The tilt of the earth’s axis varies in a regular cycle — sometimes the planet is more tilted towards the sun, sometimes less so. The axis also wobbles like a spinning top. The date of the earth’s perihelion — its closest approach to the sun — varies in a cycle as well.
At times when the Northern Hemisphere tilts sharply towards the sun and the planet makes its closest approach, the increased blast of sunlight during the north’s summer months can cause the African monsoon (which currently occurs between the Equator and roughly 170N latitude) to shift to the north as it did 10,000 years ago, inundating North Africa.
Around 5,000 years ago the monsoon shifted dramatically southward again. The prehistoric inhabitants of the Sahara discovered that their relatively green surroundings were undergoing something worse than a drought (and perhaps they migrated towards the Nile Valley, where Egyptian culture began to flourish at around the same time). “We’re learning, and only in recent years, that some climate changes in the past have been as rapid as anything underway today,” says Robert Giegengack, a University of Pennsylvania geologist.
As the land dried out and vegetation decreased, the soil lost its ability to hold water when it did rain. Fewer clouds formed from evaporation. When it rained, the water washed away and evaporated quickly. There was a kind of runaway drying effect. By 4,000 years ago the Sahara had become what it is today. No one knows how human-driven climate change may alter the Sahara in the future. It’s something scientists can ponder while sipping bottled fossil water pumped from underground.
“It’s the best water in Egypt,” Giegengack said — clean, refreshing mineral water. If you want to drink something good, try the ancient buried treasure of the Sahara.

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JOEL ACHENBACK
Staff Writer, Washington Post

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Make notes an the contents of above paragraph in any format, using abbreviations. Supply a suitable title also.

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Title : The Green Sahara Where the Hippos Once Wallowed

Notes:

1. Sahara Desert -Present

    a) Sets standard- Largest desert

    b) Humidity drops to single digit

    c) Places where rain once in century 

    d) Vast aquifers of water beneath 

       d1) Fossil water

       d2) Pre-histo. time

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2. Green Sahara before 6K years

   a) Pre-histo. rock art-hippo

   b) Opinion of Jennifer Smith 

       b1) Dynamics of earth motion 

       b2) Tilt of earth axis

   c) Product of migration and paleo-monsoon 

 

3. Green Sahara disappeared 

   a) Tilt of Northern Hemi. 

   b) Increased blast of sun light 

   c) Monsoon shifted dramatically 

   d) People migrated to Nile Valley 

 

4. Climate change- Result 

   a) Dried land and vegetation, soil 

   b) Run away drying effect 

   c) Human driven climate change 

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Summary:

Sahara Desert has all the climatic conditions of a desert. The humidity level goes down and rains once in a century. despite of this there is a huge amount of water beneath it. Sahara was a different place just before 6000 years. The Pre-historic rock art shows existence of hippopotamus in the Sahara Desert. The reason behind this is believed to be the tilt of the axis of the earth. The monsoon shifted and the Green Sahara experienced something worst than a drought. Due to the shifting of the monsoon the prehistoric inhabitants migrated towards the Nile Valley where the Egyptian culture flourished.The vegetation disappeared because of the dried land. The water also disappeared due to quick evaporation.  Sahara came to the present condition before 4000 years. The scientists may ponder over the condition and thing how it will change in future due to human interference. 

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VIDEO ON DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE TOPIC